Network neutrality or net neutrality, as it is abbreviated, is the term used to describe networks that are open to equal access to all.  They are non-discriminatory as they do not favor any one destination or application over another. Due to the political debate in 2006, the definition of network neutrality has changed to mean those who run networks as opposed to the network itself, where net neutrality is generally understood to mean that the service and telecommunication providers do not discriminate against rivals or individuals when they charge fees or when they prioritize traffic. Net neutrality is a major issue as the U.S. considers new telecommunications laws. In a general sense, it is mainly supported by companies that provide services at the edge of the network, and is generally opposed by companies that manage the middle of the network.

Five abortive attempts have been made at bills with certain network neutrality provisions passed by Congress. In each case, these bills would also have prohibited Internet Service Providers from offering service plans (known as "tiered service") priced according to the user's choice of Quality of Service levels: "[Broadband service providers may] only prioritize...based on the type of content, applications, or services and the level of service purchased by the user, without charge for such prioritization;" is a typical provision.  Other provisions common to the net neutrality discussion were included in the proposed legislative works.

The debate in the U.S. in part extends internationally, due to the global nature of many internet services.